The Hungryalists: The Poets Who Sparked a Revolution
By: Maitreyee Bhattacharjee Chowdhury
Publisher: Penguin Viking
Pages: 272; Price: `599
By: Maitreyee Bhattacharjee Chowdhury
Publisher: Penguin Viking
Pages: 272; Price: `599
Oh, I’ll die! I’ll die! I’ll die!
My skin is in blazing furore
I do not know what I’ll do, where I’ll go, Oh I’m sick
I’ll kick all Arts in the butt and go away, Shubha.
My skin is in blazing furore
I do not know what I’ll do, where I’ll go, Oh I’m sick
I’ll kick all Arts in the butt and go away, Shubha.
Thus begins Malay Roy Choudhury’s Bengali poem Prachanda Boidyutik Chhutar (Stark Electric Jesus). Appearing in a pamphlet in 1964, its publication resulted in arrest warrants being issued against the poet and 11 others, members of a Kolkata-based poets’ collective—the Hungry Generation. And the charges? Conspiracy against the state and literary obscenity.
Who
were these radicals, where did they come from and what happened to them
is the substance of Maitreyee Bhattacharjee Chowdhury’s non-fiction
book, The Hungryalists: The Poets Who Sparked a Revolution.
Well-researched, it draws on journals, memoirs, photographs,
interviews and personal conversations with brothers Malay and Samir,
part of movement’s founding quartet (the other two being Shakti
Chatterjee and the Dalit poet Haradhan Dhara aka Debi Roy).
Following a loose timeline, the author
dispenses with the notion of unity: anecdotes, sketches and
generalisations abound, sometimes befuddling the reader by their
randomness. However, the mood music of the age—intense, rebellious,
raucous—comes through clearly.
Though homegrown, the Hungryalists were
part of a global wave of insurrectionist poetry that had earlier seen
the rise of Beatdom in the United States. Calling the Beats and the
Hungryalists ‘co-travellers’, the author writes, ‘These poets/ writers
rejected standards of literature, introduced new societal norms, shunned
mercenaries of culture and even spawned a new drug
subculture’. Solidarity between the movements was enabled when prominent
Beat poets such as Gary Snyder and his wife Joanne Kyger, Allen ‘Howl’
Ginsberg and his lover Peter Orlovsky travelled to India and associated
with the Hungryalists.
Though
the two movements had similarities as sociocultural forces, the book
elucidates the completely different circumstances that fashioned the
Hungryalists’ poetics. The post-Partition decade of the 50s saw rapid
changes in Bengali society: a flood of refugees, homelessness, food
shortages, rising unemployment, the stench and anger of rampant poverty.
It was an all-encompassing rootlessness unrepresented in the prosaic
literary writing of the period—what Malay Roy Choudhury called ‘the
blankety-blank school of modern poetry’.
The Hungryalists wanted more: a new
lexis, a new literary space, a wider audience. Above all, a shake-up.
Their agenda was to ‘introduce chaos and a disintegration in writing
that rendered it conventionally meaningless, and take advantage of the
shock it created, thereby introducing the ideas they wanted to talk
about’. Raw emotions needed raw language: obscenity became a moral
weapon. Viewing poetry as an oral tradition, they held public readings
in Howrah railway station, College Street Coffee House, Khalasitola bar
and the grave of the long-dead Michael Madhusudan Dutt—whom the
Hungryalists idolised.
Co-authorship and collaboration being a
feature of their identity, they met regularly at ‘addas’. Another
commonality was penury: public loos, empty offices and renting space on
terraces with other homeless formed their sleeping arrangements. Despite
their travails they persisted with their poetry. The literati were
unamused; repercussions followed in the form of police raids, handcuffs,
a trial and betrayals. Nevertheless, the subaltern had found a voice
that has lasted. While the Beats are well-documented, the Hungryalists
are not. This book is a worthy attempt to fill the gap.